Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning. Radiation Risk Assessments

INTRODUCTION From a beginning of atomic shipbuilding (the 1956) in Russia built about 250 atomic submarines (NPS), 5 ships and 9 civil atomic vessels. In connection with expiry of the term of maintenance and conclusion of the contracts about limitation and cutting of offensive arms of Russia from the extremity of the 1980-th years acutely there was a problem of their utilization. Utilization of the ships and vessels with nuclear powered plants (NPP) on the complexity, dearness and social importance represents a problem of world importance and is priority in activity of naval fleet (NF). It is possible to judge its scales that to a start of 1999 from battle composition of NF is output about 180 NPS (60 % from composition of Northern Fleet, 40 % from composition of Pacific Fleet). Among NPS, output from battle composition, 30-40 % are of a first generation and more than 60 % of second generation. The removal from operation and utilization NPS is predetermined necessity of the decision of a series of problems, connected to development and realisation technologies for handling with the radioactive equipment and radioactive waste of the ships with NPP and safe for the personnel, population and environment.